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The Ziggurat (or Great Ziggurat) of Ur (Sumerian: "Etemenniguru",〔Jacob Klein ''Three Šulgi hymns: Sumerian royal hymns glorifying King Šulgi of Ur'', Bar-Ilan University Press (1981), ISBN 978-965-226-018-5, p. 162.〕 meaning "temple whose foundation creates aura"〔(Explore the ziggurat of Ur ), The Ziggurat of Ur, The British Museum〕) is a Neo-Sumerian ziggurat in what was the city of Ur near Nasiriyah, in present-day Dhi Qar Province, Iraq. The structure was built during the Early Bronze Age (21st century BC), but had crumbled to ruins by the 6th century BC of the Neo-Babylonian period when it was restored by King Nabonidus. Its remains were excavated in the 1920s and 1930s by Sir Leonard Woolley. Under Saddam Hussein in the 1980s, they were encased by a partial reconstruction of the façade and the monumental staircase. The ziggurat of Ur is the best-preserved of those known from Iran and Iraq, besides the ziggurat of Dur Untash (Chogha Zanbil).〔Heinrich, Ernst: ''Die Tempel und Heiligtümer im Alten Mesopotamien. Typologie, Morphologie und Geschichte'', Berlin (1982) 〕 It is one of three well preserved structures of the Neo-Sumerian city of Ur, along with the Royal Mausolea and the Palace of Ur-Nammu (the ''E-hursag''). ==Sumerian ziggurat== The ziggurat was built by King Ur-Nammu who dedicated the great ziggurat of Ur in honour of Nanna/Sîn, in approximately the 21st century BC (short chronology) during the Third Dynasty of Ur.〔(Explore the ziggurat of Ur ), The Ziggurat of Ur, the British Museum's web site on Mesopotamia covering Sumer, Babylonia and Assyria.〕 The massive step pyramid measured in length, in width and over in height. The height is speculative, as only the foundations of the Sumerian ziggurat have survived. The ziggurat was a piece in a temple complex that served as an administrative center for the city, and which was a shrine of the moon god Nanna, the patron deity of Ur.〔Gardner's ''Art Through the Ages'' by Helen Gardner, Fred S. Kleiner, Christin J. Mamiya〕 The construction of the ziggurat was finished in the 21st century BC by King Shulgi, who, in order to win the allegiance of cities, proclaimed himself a god. During his 48-year reign, the city of Ur grew to be the capital of a state controlling much of Mesopotamia. Many ziggurats were made by stacking mud-bricks up and using mud to seal them together. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ziggurat of Ur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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